Common Medications for Psychosis
The World Health Organization (WHO) explains “the term psychosis refers to a non-specific syndrome characterized by delusions (false beliefs), hallucinations (false sensory perceptions not shared by others), loss of contact with reality and bizarre behavior.” Psychosis is a symptom that develops from a wide range of conditions, including medical disorders (e.g. physical trauma, dementia, etc.), primary psychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia), and substance use disorder.
The medications doctors prescribe most often in the treatment of psychosis are called antipsychotics. They work by altering one’s brain chemistry in order to reduce symptoms of psychosis. More specifically, antipsychotic medications change the levels of dopamine in one’s brain. Dopamine (a chemical that is naturally produced in one’s body) is a neurotransmitter that sends signals from the body to the brain. It is thought that high levels of dopamine may cause the brain to function differently and may induce psychosis. Antipsychotic medications reduce excess amounts of dopamine in the brain, and can also affect levels of other neurotransmitters (e.g. noradrenaline, serotonin, acetylcholine) helping the brain restore its chemical balance. It is important to note that antipsychotic medications are not used to cure the condition that causes psychosis; rather they are intended to alleviate adverse symptoms associated with the symptom of psychosis.
ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATIONS
Antipsychotic medications are divided into two groups: first-generation antipsychotics and second-generation antipsychotics. There are several different types of antipsychotic medications that make up each group.
First-generation antipsychotics: also known as “typical” or “conventional” antipsychotic medications, were the original type of antipsychotics developed, making them the older group of medications. Some examples of first-generation antipsychotics include:
Thorazine (chlorpromazine)
Prolixin (fluphenazine)
Haldol (haloperidol)
Trilafon (perphenazine)
Mellaril (thioridazine)
Navane (thiothixene)
Stelazine (trifluoperazine)
Second-generation antipsychotics: also known as “atypical” antipsychotic medications are a group of newer medications. Some examples of second-generation antipsychotics include:
Abilify (aripiprazole)
Aristada (aripiprazole lauroxil)
Clozaril (clozapine)
Zyprexa (olanzapine)
Seroquel (quetiapine)
Risperdal (risperidone)
Geodon (ziprasidone)
Typically, first-generation antipsychotics are not the first line of defense, and are often only prescribed if second-generation medications are ineffective. Though medication can be highly effective in treating symptoms of psychosis, the most successful results occur when one’s treatment combines both medication and psychotherapy.
FOR INFORMATION AND SUPPORT
Navigating the challenges that arise from living with mental illness, struggling with substance abuse, and/ or addiction can not only be all consuming but are often impossible to effectively handle without proper support. If you are concerned for yourself or a loved one in regards to mental illness, substance abuse, and/ or addiction we recommend reaching out for help as soon as possible. Bear in mind that you do not have to be on this journey alone. There is an entire network of professionals that are readily available to help and support you and your loved one throughout every step of the recovery process.
If left untreated, substance abuse, addiction, and/ or mental illness can result in long lasting and potentially life-threatening consequences. The earlier you seek support, the sooner you and your loved ones can return to leading happy, healthy and fulfilling lives. Please do not hesitate to reach out for guidance. We are always available to answer any questions, and are certainly happy to discuss how we might best be able to help in the recovery process.